Kuva muri Texas kugera mu misozi miremire, FBI mu nzira yo gutahura inkunga iterwa imitwe yitwara gisirikare yo muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo

Yanditswe na Erasme Rugemintwaza

Amakuru dukesha ikinyamakuru Africa Intelligence aravuga ko Washington na Kinshasa bakekako hari umuyoboro mugari, witwikira Ishyirahamwe rigamije ubutabazi ry’Abanyamerika, ukanyuzwamo inkunga igenewe imitwe yitwara gisirikare y’Abanyamulenge. FBI n’Inzego z’ubutasi za Kongo zabonye iyoherezwa ry’amafaranga ugereranyije arenga miliyoni y’amadolari, harimo igice gikekwa kuba cyarakoreshejwe mu gushyigikira intambara muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo._

Mu gihe Ingabo z’u Burundi zirimo gukora ibikorwa bya gisirikare  kuva mu ntangiriro z’umwaka, zigengwa na Manda y’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC) mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo, Umuyobozi w’intambara Michel Rukunda, uzwi ku izina rya Makanika, ntakigaragara. Uyu musirikare ufite ipeti rya Koroneri, watorotse Igisirikare cya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (FARDC) mu 2019, ubu yibera mu bitwa byirengeye ikiyaga cya Tanganyika, akaba ayoboye umutwe witwara gisirikare w’Abanyamulenge witwa Twirwaneho mu rurimi rw’Ikinyamulenge.

Mu guhangana na Brigade ya 12 ya FARDC ishinzwe gutabara bwangu ibarizwa mu Minembwe, Mai Mai ndetse n’indi mitwe yitwaje intwaro y’i Burundi no mu Rwanda, Makanika yaratunguranye haba mu mayeri ya gisirikare ndetse n’ubushobozi bwe mu kubona ibikoresho bya gisirikare. *Ibiro Bikuru by’Iperereza by’Amerika* (FBI) na Serivisi za Kongo-byaba Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubutasi (ANR) ndetse na maneko ya Gisirikare, byaketse ko Ishyirahamwe (MPA), rikorera muri Amerika, ryaba ryarateye inkunga uyu mugabo, igera ku bihumbi amagana n’amagana by’amadorari.

Iyi ngingo yihariye cyane, ikaba yaraganiriweho muri Nzeri 2020 ku cyicaro gikuru
cy’Ishami ry’ubutabera, i Washington, hari Abayobozi ba Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, FBI n’Ibiro Bishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge no kubahiriza amategeko, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL), ndetse n’Umunyekongo Serge Tshibangu. Uyu nguyu akaba yaragizwe intumwa idasanzwe ya Perezida Félix Tshisekedi, ishinzwe umubano na Amerika na Isiraheli. Urugendo rwe rwa mbere rw’akazi yarukoreye ku butaka bw’Amerika kugira ngo yitabire iyo nama yo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Aho akaba ariho havugiwe ko hari ugukeka gukomeye ko hari nkunga MPA yaba iha Makanika. Nyuma y’amezi make, uwahoze ari ambasaderi w’Amerika i Kinshasa, Mike Hammer, nawe yabibwiwe n’inzego z’ubutasi bwa Kongo asabwa no kubimenyesha inzego z’umutekano z’igihugu cye.

Ihahamuka rya Gatumba nk’imbarutso

Ku birometero 13,000 uvuye ku bitwa bya Kivu y’Amajyepfo, uyu muryango wa MPA ukomeye muri diyasipora y’Abanyamulenge muri Amerika, uhora ugaragaza itotezwa ry’Abanyamurenge, ukavuga ko bageraniwe n’akaga k’itsembabwoko. Uyu muryango ugaragara nk’Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta (ONG) washyizweho muri 2004, muri yagayaga yakurikiye ubwicanyi bwakorewe impunzi z’Abanyamulenge mu Gatumba, mu Burundi, bukozwe n’abarwanyi ba Force Nationales de Liberation (FNL, umutwe w’inyeshyamba w’Abahutu bo mu Burundi). Bityo rero diyasipora yarisuganyije kugira ngo ijye ibasha gutabara byihutirwa no gukusanya inkunga.

MPA igaragaza ko yibanda ku bibazo bituruka ku mutekano muke ndetse n’ibibazo by’ubutabazi muri iyo misozi miremire mu burasirazuba bwa DRC. Ikavuga ko iteza imbere “kubana mu mahoro n’iterambere” muri kariya gace k’icyaro ka Kongo aho abanyamulenge, usanga batotezwa kuva kera. Ntabwo MPA yigeze igaragaza aho yaba ihuriye n’imitwe yitwara gisirikare itegekwa na Makanika, ushinjwa gukora ibikorwa bibi no kwinjiza mu gisirikare abana.

Uyu Makanika kimwe n’abayobozi bamwe ba MPA ndetse muri rusange igice kinini cy’Abanyamurenge babaye mu mitwe inyuranye y’inyeshyamba. Uhereye kuri Armée Patriotique Rwandaise (APR) (yashinzwe mu myaka ya za 90 na Fred Rwigema na Paul Kagame ku nkunga ya Yoweri Museveni) ukagera kuri AFDL (Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo), unyuze muri RCD (Rassemblement du Congo pour la Démocratie).

Imfashanyo ikomeye y’amafaranga

MPA yabwiye ikinyamakuru Africa Intelligence ko amafaranga akusanyijwe aba
agenewe gusa ibikorwa by’ubufasha bw’ubutabazi. Nyamara Washington na Kinshasa babonye gihamya ko iyi nkunga y’ubutabazi ivugwa yaherekezwaga rwihishwa, guhera muri 2019, n’indi nkunga y’amafaranga igenewe Twirwaneho; iyo nkunga ikaba yarihutishijwe umwaka ukurikira ubwo Makanika yari yigometse. Bavuga ko, amafaranga yakusanyijwe yatumye imitwe yitwara gisirikare igira imbaraga muri iyo misozi. Muri MPA, ubu buryo bushya bw’imikorere yashyizwemo imbaraga na Alexis Nkurunziza, umwe mu bagize Komite Nyobozi y’ishyirahamwe MPA, akaba yarahoze akora mu iperereza muri FPR ( Front Patriotique Rwandais) ya Paul Kagame mu mpera za 1990.

Alexis Nkurunziza arakekwaho kuba yaroherereje inkunga Makanika wari wongeye gusuganya Twirwaneho (bigoranye kumenya umubare w’abayigize, ariko bashobora kuba babarirwa mu barenga igihumbi), ayigurira ibikoresho ndetse ayiha n’ubuyobozi bwa nyabwo bwa gisirikare mu gace ka Bijabo. Ibi byateje impunduka zikomeye muri Kongo nk’uko Ingabo z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye muri Kongo (Monusco), zabigaragaje ndetse na raporo y’itsinda ry’impuguke za Loni muri Kongo ivuga ko nta gihamya nyayo itanga, andi makuru arambuye, muri raporo yo muri Kamena 2021, havugwamo ko hari  “ubufasha bukomeye bw’amafaranga butangwa na bamwe mu Banyamulenge, baba imbere cyangwa hanze ya Kongo”.

Hafi miliyoni 1,5 y’Amadorari

Dukurikije inyandiko z’ibaruramari za MPA zabonywe na Africa Intelligence, ishyirahamwe ryakira impuzandengo irenga y’amadorari 40,000 buri kwezi, atanzwe y’abanyamuryango bayo. Kuri iyi mari hiyongereyeho amafaranga akusanywa binyuze mu rusobe rw’ibimina by’ Abanyamulenge, binyanyagiye za Burayi, Ositarariya, Kanada na mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari. Buri munyamuryango ashishikarizwa gutanga umusanzu uri hagati y’amadorari 20 na 50. Kwanga kuwutanga ni ukwemera ingaruka zo gushyirwaho igitutu mu buryo mbonezamubano cyangwa no kugirwa igicibwa.

Kugeza ibyasaruwe ku bagenerwa bikorwa, bigenzurwa n’Ishyirahamwe “Gakondo”, riyobowe n’Umubiligi Félix Nyirazo Rubogora. Uru rwego “Gakondo”, rumaze imyaka itageze kuri ibiri, nirwo huriro ry’ibimina byose by’Abanyamulenge, MPA ikaba imwe mu baterankunga b’ingenzi. Abanyamerika n’Abanyekongo bavuga ko hafi miliyoni 1,5 y’amadorari rero yashoboye koherezwa, kuva 2020, mu misozi miremire ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo. Basesenguye urusobe rw’ibyo bimina by’Abanyamulenge, byinshi byitwa “Shikama”, biri muri Kongo (muri Kinshasa, Goma, Bukavu, Uvira na Minembwe), mu bihugu bituranye na Kongo (u Rwanda, Uganda, n’Uburundi), ndetse no muri Kenya na Afurika y’Epfo.

Ubwinshi bw’iryo yohereza ry’amafaranga usanga butuma bigorana gukora igenzura ukoresheje sisiteme y’imari, nk’ubukoresha Mobile Money. Abashakashatsi bashoboye kumenya abahuza bamwe na bamwe nk’umukozi wa Ambasade ya Kongo mu Burundi,
cyangwa undi witwa John Mukiza, umukozi uhembwa n’Umuryango w’Ubukungu w’Ibihugu Bigari (CEPGL) akaba na murumuna wa Jenerali Charles Bisengimana ukora muri Polisi y’igihugu ya Kongo (PNC).

Ku ruhande rwa Kongo, dusanga kandi Dr. Lazare Sebitereko, umuyobozi wa Kaminuza ya Eben-Ezer ya Minembwe, akaba n’umwe mu bashinze Umutwe wahoze witwaza intwaro w’Abanyamulenge Forces Républicaines Fédéralistes (FRF, Makanika yabayemo
Umunyamuryango).

Yigabye iri yonyine

Mu mpera za 2022, MPA yitandukanije na Gakondo, kubera kutumvikana ku ngamba n’imikorere. N’abanyamuryango barenga 7,000 baryo, iri shyirahamwe ry’abanyamerika ryubatswe mu buryo buhambaye ku buryo rishobora kwiyemeza gukomeza gukora ryonyine. Imiterere ya MPA muri Amerika igizwe n’abahayigarariye barenga 70, kuva Kansas kugera Texas, ukanyura New Hampshire. Abategetsi ba Kongo bakeka ko MPA ifite amashami muri Goma, Uvira, Bujumbura na Nairobi, yose yitandukanyije n’ibimina by’Abanyamulenge bihuriye muri Gakondo. Umuryango wa MPA uyoborerwa muri Dallas, Texas, na Perezidante wayo, Adèle Kibasumba Ndaba, na visi perezida we, Jean de Dieu
Ndarahuye Irankunda.

Abayobozi b’uyu muryango uba muri Amerika bakoze kera mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro, byongeye na none yakoreye mu Burasirazuba bwa Kongo. Abo ni nka David Munyamahoro Banoge, wabaye umubitsi muri Komite Nyobozi ya MPA hagati ya 2020 na 2022. Yabaye mbere gato umunyamuryango w’Ikimina cy’Abanyamulenge i Bujumbura. Imyaka 20 mbere yaho yari Umusirikare ukora mu iperereza rya RCD muri Uvira, umujyi uhana imbibi n’u
Burundi, aho abatangabuhamya bamwe bavuga uruhare rwe mu bwicanyi bwakorewe impunzi z’Abahutu. Uyu Banoge ariko nawe ni umwe mu barokotse ubwicanyi bwa Gatumba.

Hari kandi muri uru rusobe rwa MPA itsinda ry’ibanga ryitwa Abarwanashyaka mu Kinyamulenge. Rihuriwemo na ba sekombata (Abarwanyi bacyuye igihe), ahanini imisanzu yabo ikaba ikekwa koherezwa Twirwaneho. Benshi muri bo babaye abarwanyi ba RCD, nk’umuyobozi waryo John Nyabashoshi Mukiza, wahoze ari Majoro mu nyeshyamba ubu akaba abarizwa muri Texas. Ibi bikaba byamukururira ibibazo mu Butabera bw’Amerika, kubera ko kuba umuntu yarahoze mu mutwe witwaje intwaro bishobora gufatwa nko kurenga ku mategeko agenga abinjira n’abasohoka. Ku ruhande rwayo, MPA yemeza ko “buri munyamuryango w’umuryango wacu, kimwe n’undi wese waje gutura muri Amerika, yakorewe igenzura ku buzima yabayemo”.

Ibyitso bya MPA muri Kinshasa

Kuva i Kinshasa kugera i Washington, binyuze mu Muryango w’Abibumbye, abashakashatsi
banasesenguye aho Abanyapolitiki bamwe bo muri Kongo baba bahuriye na MPA. Twavuga nka Depite ku rwego rw’igihugu uhagarariye Kivu y’Amajyepfo, Moïse Nyarugabo ufatwa nka se wo muri batifimu wa MPA. Abajijwe na Africa Intelligence “ahakana yivuye inyuma imikoranire iyo ariyo yose yihariye”_, usibye “amasano yo mu muryango n’ubucuti”. Nyarugabo ati:“Sinigeze numva ibi byo kohereza amafaranga mu gatsiko ka Makanika”

Uyu Nyarugabo uvuga Twigwaneho neza, agira ati.“hatabayeho ibikorwa byabo, nta Munyamurenge n’umwe wasigara”, ni umuntu wa hafi wa Azarias Ruberwa, washinze RCD
(nyuma yo guhindura umutwe witwaje intwaro mu ishyaka rya politiki) akaba yaranabaye Visi-Perezida wa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (RDC), hagati ya 2003 na 2006 akaba yaranakomeje kuba umuyobozi wa politiki aho avuka.

Ruberwa ni nyirarume utaziguye wa muganga Freddy Kaniki, wahoze muri Komite Nyobozi ya MPA hagati ya 2009 na 2011, kandi akaba afatwa nk’umucurabwenge w’iri shyirahamwe. Uyu mugabo akaba ari umwarimu, umushakashatsi akaba na Dogiteri muri farumasi, akaba atuye muri Alaska. Yahakaniye kure Africa Intelligence kuba yaba mu buyobozi bw’ishyirahamwe, no kuba harabaye guhererekanya amafaranga hagati y’ishyirahamwe rya MPA n’itsinda rya Twigwaneho. Avuga ko ibyo byaba bivuka ku kutavuga rumwe mu muryango w’Abanyamulenge.

Freddy Kaniki yakomeje kugira imibanire n’akarere k’ibiyaga bigari, by’umwihariko
U Burundi. Mu murwa mukuru w’ubukungu, Bujumbura, yahashinze muri 2014 ishuri rikuru rya Burundi American International Academy (BAIA), aho abana ba Pierre Nkurunziza bize. Nk’umuntu wa hafi wa Perezida w’u Burundi kugeza apfuye muri 2020, Kaniki yagerageje kwemeza Gitega inyungu zo gushyigikira Twigwaneho mu kurwanya inyeshyamba za Red Tabara.

Ubufatanye na M23

Kimwe na Uganda n’u Rwanda, u Burundi ni ibirindiro bikomeye kuri Twigwaneho, kubera ko hari inkambi z’impunzi z’Abanyamulenge, bagize nyine ikigega cyo kuvanamo abarwanyi. Uku gushaka Abarwanyi guhangayikishije abategetsi ba Kongo cyane, kuko usanga bigaragaramo ubufatanye mu ibanga hagati y’ingabo za Makanika n’iza M23, iyobowe na Sultani Makenga. Amakuru ava muri Loni avuga ko, niba hari ubwumvikane bugaragara hagati y’aya matsinda yombi, gukorera hamwe ntabwo biratangira gukora.

N’ubwo abayobozi bazi iyo mikorere n’ubufatanye n’Abayobozi ba MPA, iyo dosiye nta nkurikizi irabyara ku butaka bw’Amerika. Nyamara usanga Abakozi benshi ba Amerika bibateye inkeke. Ndetse bamwe muri bo bagiye i Kinshasa kenshi nk’umukozi wihariye Mary Boese, ushinzwe RDC ariko ukorera muri Ambasade y’Abanyamerika i Nairobi, cyangwa mugenzi we, ukorera i Pretoriya, n’undi mukozi wa gatatu wavuye i Washington muri 2022. Ku bibazo bya Africa Intelligence, FBI yanze kugira icyo itangaza.