Baba se ari ba Mpatsibihugu, Rutemayeze cyangwa Ibyihebe? Niba atari Abanyarwanda b’inyangamugayo batitiranya Abanyarwanda n’udutsiko twabo baba barigukora iryo teganya, niba ririho – dore ko njye nsesengura ngasanga ntaniryo mbona-, u Rwanda rwitege ibihe bitari bwiza imbere.
Tujya twibaza impamvu ibintu bimwe bihinduka mu buryo ubu n’ubu bwiza, ibindi bigahinduka ku bundi buryo bugira ingaruka mbi. Hari abahanga bavuga ko Abanyafrika muri kamere yacu rusange bitugora gutekereza ku bintu tutarebesha amaso, tudashobora gukoraho, kumva n’amatwi yacu, cyangwa bizaba mu gihe kitari hafi cyane.
Icyo ngirango nibandeho mur’iyi nyandiko ni ugusesengura aho ababa bashobora kuba bari kureba kure mu byerekeye aho uRwanda rugana, – niba bahari-, aho baba bageze.
Ba Mpatsibihugu
Muri za 1990, Francois Mitterand wari prezida w’Ubufransa yabwiye Abanyafrika mu muhuro w’i La Baule, yabaye nkugira ati: “Nimureke abaturage banyu bagane amashyaka menshi, mubahe uburenganzira bwo kurushaho kw’igenga mu bitekerezo. Niba bitari ibyo nta mfashanyo Ubufransa buzongera kubaha.”
Muri kiriya gihe twibuke ko Ubufransa bwari buhanganye n’Abanyamerika ndetse n’Abongereza muri Afrika. Muri iriya myaka nanone ikibukwa cyane nuko igihugu cy’igihangange cy’Uburusiya cyarikimaze gutakaza ubwo buhangange, ku buryo ibyo guhangana n’Abanyamerika hamwe n’Abanyaburaya byacogoye cyane.
Iryo hiduka rya politiki mu rwego mpuzamahanga ryatumye na politiki y’ibihugu by’Afrika byari bibogamiye ku ruhande rwa Mpatsibihugu runaka ihinduka. Mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari ho Abanyamerika n’Abongereza bashatse kwigarurira ibihugu byose Abafransa bari bafitemo ijambo. Cyane cyane ko Amerika ariyo yari isigaye yonyine igaragara nka Mpathibihugu kaminuza.
Mu guhindura politiki hamwe na hamwe, hari byinshi byakozwe nabo ba Mpatsibihugu. Nko mu Rwanda nyirizina ho, ibintu byari biteganyijwe guhinduka, nibura Abanyarwanda bari hagati y’ibihumbi 300 na 500 bagobye gutikira, bitewe n’iyicwa rya Habyarimana. Ibi ni ibiro by’ubutasi by’Abanyamerika byari i Kigali byaba byarabitangaje byerekana ukuntu ibintu byagenda prezida aramutse yishwe.
Ngo uko byagenze ibara umupfu. Utarabonye, niba yaragize amahirwe yo kubaho mur’iyi myaka 24 ishize, ibishobora kuzarusha ububi ibyo Abanyarwanda banyuzemo bishobora kuzaba bike niba akomeje kuramba. Abanyarwanda ndetse n’Abanyekongo batabarika barapfuye karahava, na nubu iryo yicwa ritarahagarara burundu. Utabona ko ba Mpatsibihugu, Abanyafrika bapfa batapfa, ntacyo bo bibabwiye, mu gihe inyungu zabo zigezweho, uwo si uwanjye. Kandi ntawashidikanya ko mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, izo nyungu zaba zitaragezweho. Cyane cyane kubera ziriya ngabo za MONUSCO zashoboye gushinga ibirindiro muri Kongo, zikora uko zishoboye kose kugira ngo amahoro atagaruka muri kariya karere, mu gihe zikomeza kurebera gusa ibitera umutekano mucye, u Rwanda ruza kw’isonga.
Filimi ya BBC Rwanda Untold Story ikomeje kuvugwaho byinshi, hari benshi bavuga ko itashoboraga gukorwa ba Mpatsibihugu bagize uruhari mu byabaye mu Rwanda batabyumvikanyeho. Kandi nibyo koko iyo umuntu ayirebye yitonze asanga nta hantu nahamwe bitaka amabi. Ikigamijwe muriyo ni ukwandagaza Kagame n’agatsiko ke. Na ririya hagarikwa ry’imfashanyo y’Ububiligi ku Rwanda naryo rikaba ryarebwa mur’iyo nzira yo kumuvanaho amaboko.
Icyo abantu dukwiye kuzirikanya mur’iki gihe nuko ihangana ryahozeho hagati yaba Mpatsibihugu muri za 1990 ritakiriho, cyane cyane mu byerekeye umugabane wa Afrika. Bo ndetse kurusha abandi bose baba barebya n’ikibazo cy’u Rwanda, bakaba basa n’abazi iyo bagana, bategereje wenda kumenya neza ba Rutemayeze n’Ibyihebe bakorana nabo bibaye ngombwa.
Ba Rutemayeze n’Ibyihebe
Mugusesengura ibya politiki muri Afrika, cyane cyane muri kariya karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, twabonye ukuntu Kagame na FPR ye bakoreshejwe kugirango imigambi y’Abazungu igerweho. Birumvikana ko we n’agatsiko ke nabo ku giti cyabo, mugusohoza uwo mugambi wa ba Mpatsibihugu, bashimangiye imigambi yabo mibisha yatsembye Abanyarwanda batabarika, ikenesha benshi ku buryo budasubirwaho, abandi ibagira impunzi, nuko abandi abacakara mu gihugu cyabo.
Yaba abo ba Mpatsibihugu, cyangwa Kagame n’agatsiko ke umuntu atatinya kwita ibyihebe akurikije imikorere, bose mu migambi yabo mibisha yo kwigarurira imitungo y’abenegihugu, bakoresheje ba Rutemayeze n’Ibyihebe byaturutse mu moko yose y’Abanyarwanda.
Aha tuzirikane ko ba Mpatsibihugu nta kintu gifatika bari bakeneyo u Rwanda nk’igihugu, uretse kugira ingabo zihagije ngo zinafite disiplini kugirango zibagerere kubwo bifuzaga mu karere, ndetse no hirya no hino muri Afrika [muzirikane hano ziriya ngabo za Kagame zikorana na LONI ziba zitagamije amahoro, ahubwo ari ukurwana ku nyungu y’abazitangaho amafranga menshi, aribo Banyamerika].
Muri ya filimi ya BBC Rwanda Untold Story yavuzwe haruguru, hari aho bavuga ko Kagame akiri muri Uganda ba Mpatsibihugu bari bamuteye imboni ko ashobora kuzabakorera neza, bituma bamwohereza mu mahugurwa ya gisilikari iwabo. Yaramaze gufasha Museveni gutsemba abanyayuganda batabarika, noneho Amerika ijya kumwigisha ukuntu batera kandi bagafata n’ibihugu.
Mu kwa 11/2014, niho Francois Hollande umukuru w’Ubufransa, i Dakar muri Senegal, nyuma y’imyaka 24 mugenzi we Francois Mitterand avuze ibijya gusa abwira cyane cyane ibihugu by’Afrika, yavuze agira ati: “… duhangayikishijwe na demokrasi itubahirizwa, amatora afifitse, kutubahiriza itegeko nshinga, n’ibyifuzo by’abaturage …” Twibuke ko Ubufransa bwari bumaze guherekeza bunyuza Blaise Compaore wa Burkina Faso ibusamo, mu gihe abaturage bamuvudukanye kuya 31/10/14.
Abanyarwanda rero ntibazatangare igihe nikigera ugasanga hari ba Rutemayeze cyangwa Ibyihebe bose biteguye kuba bakorera bariya ba Mpatsibihugu icyo baba bateganyiriza uRwanda mu bihe biri imbere.
Abitaye ku nyungu za rubanda barihe?
Martin Luther King niwe wigese gusa nugira ati ibintu bizamba burya kubera ko abantu bazima bashoboraga gutuma bitazamba barebera gusa ntibagire icyo babikoraho. Niba ba Mpatsibihugu, Rutemayeze n’Ibyihebe aribo bihariye urubuga mu kurebera ejo hazaza h’uRwanda, abitaye koko ku nyungu za rubanda barihe?
Urutonde rwakozwe n’ikinyamakuru theRwandan rusesengura imyitwarire y’abantu ku giti cyabo, imiryango n’amashyirahamwe, amashyaka ya politiki mu mwaka wa 2014 – nubwo wenda abantu bashobora kubona iryo sesengura ku buryo butandukanye cyangwa se ritusuye -, rushobora kubera benshi intangiro yo kureba abashobora kuba barikuzirikana inyungu za benshi.
Cyakora igikomeza kugaragara nuko baba bariya bagaragaye ku giti cyabo, imiryango n’amashyirahamwe, amashyaka ya politiki, n’ibindi, muri ruriya rutonde, bose kugeza ubu ntawagaraje neza ku buryo buziguye, ibyo bateganyiriza abanyarwanda. Hari abagiye bakomoza ku kibazo iki n’iki kireba ubuzima n’imibereho by’Abanyarwanda muri rusange. Umuntu akaba yabanenga muri rusange, ukutamenya imizi n’imvano zose z’ikibazo runaka, maze hakaba hatekerezwa noneho ku muti unogeye watangwa uherehe kur’ubwo busesenguzi by’icyo kibazo.
Mu gusoza reka ngaruke aho natangiriye mvuga nti mu guteganya ukwariko kose habamo ingorane kuberako ukoresha ibintu udakozaho imitwe y’intoki buri gihe. Ni ibitekerezo iteganya ryubakiraho kurusha ibindi byose. Ba Mpatsibihugu bakaba bafite ubushobozi (abantu, ibikoresho n’amafranga bibigenewe) Abanyafrika twe tudafite muri urwo rwego. Kubireba uRwanda by’umwihariko, kuberako ba Mpatsibihugu bafite buriya bubasha, biragaragarako na none bashobora kwerekeza igihugu cyacu aho bashaka.
Kugira ngo ba Rutemayeze cyangwa Ibyihebe bariya ba Mpatsibihugu byorohera gukorana nabo, kuberako bakora nk’abacancuro batitaye ku nyungu z’abaturage, bataba aribo twazabona imbere mu gihe Kagame azaba yavuyeho, birasaba bariya nka theRwandan yashyize ahagaragara, hamwe n’abandi benshi batari kuri ruriya rutonde, kurushaho gukorana umurava batikoresheje.
Abaharanira inyungu za rubanda koko, niberekana ko aribo abo ba Mpatsibihugu bagomba gukorana nabo mu Rwanda, nibyo ibintu koko bishobora guhinduka mu mitegekere y’Igihugu. Kenshi abantu bakunda kurenganya ba Mpatsibihugu mu gukorana na ba Rutemayeze cyangwa Ibyihebe cyane cyane nko mu Rwanda. Icyagaragaye nuko bakorana n’uwariwe wese ubageza ku nyungu zabo, yaba yakwica abenegihugu cyangwa akaba yabashyiraho igitugu, ku mpamvu zinyuranye, uko ategeka abenegihugu bisa nibitabareba.
Ambrose Nzeyimana
Political Analyst/ Activist
Organising for Africa, Coordinator
The Rising Continent, Blog editor
London, UK
Email: [email protected]
